山东大学(威海)开展的核物理研究

综述了山东大学威海校区原子核物理研究团队在原子核精细谱学、核天体物理、探测器研制和高能核物理等方向开展的研究工作及最新进展；尤其重点介绍了$A\sim 110$核区原子核的形状共存和带交叉延迟，“订书机”和“雨伞”模式转动带，碳氮氧循环过程中关键核反应的测量进展，中子星参数化的状态方程及双中子星并合引力波研究，带电粒子探测器的设计与制作，相对论重离子碰撞物理中量子输运理论和高阶反常输运等研究工作，并展望了下一步的工作重点。     

室温铁磁性Sr3YCo4O10.5+δ多晶有序化的烧结工艺及电磁性能

采用固相反应法制备了不同烧结温度(950~1 180 ℃)、烧结时间、烧结次数共7种工艺的Sr₃YCo₄O_10.5+δ多晶块材,通过热分析、XRD、SEM确定了有序化相变和最佳烧结工艺(1 180 ℃/24 h+1 180 ℃/24 h),并研究了多晶的电磁性能。结果表明,964 ℃完全晶化的四方相Sr₃YCo₄O_10.5在1 042 ℃吸氧(δ)完成有序化,生成Sr₃YCo₄O_10.5+δ,而1 100 ℃和1 180 ℃烧结的样品均出现(103)、(215)超结构峰,验证了其结构的有序性。块材均呈半导体电输运行为,二次烧结晶格完整性提高,晶粒长大,300 K时电阻率仅为0.06 Ω·cm,居里温度(T_c)~335 K,零场冷曲线(ZFC)上的Hopkinson峰源于低温时被冻结的磁矩随温度升高转向磁场方向,磁化强度在298 K达到最大,随后受热扰动的影响减小。室温铁磁性源于有序结构导致的中自旋或高自旋态Co³⁺的e_g轨道有序。     

Surface of Ru/Fe2O3 catalysts used in water-gas shift reaction studied by auger electron spectrometry

Summary Carbon deposits on the surface ofRu/Fe₂O₃ catalysts used in the water-gas shift reaction have been investigated by Auger Electron Spectrometry. A correlation has been found between the thickness of the carbon deposit and the catalytic activity in WGSR. The carbon deposit covers the metallic active centers and blocks their contact with reagents. The dotting of the iron oxide support with sodium has been found to reduce the amount of carbon deposit. .      

Temperature effects on surface activity and application in oxidation of toluene derivatives of CTAB-SDS with KMnO4

The γ_cmc values of CTAB-SDS decrease from 63.67 mN/m at 10‡C to 36.38 mN/m at 90‡C, slightly lower than those of either CTAB or SDS. Correspondingly, the CMC of CTAB-SDS decreases almost by half. The increase of surface activity of CTAB-SDS can be attributed to the relatively weak electrostatic interaction at high temperature, which is supported by the increase of solubility of CTAB-SDS with rise in temperature. Catalytic effect on oxidation of toluene derivatives with potassium permanganate follows the order CTAB-SDS > SDS > CTAB. This is not caused by the dissociative effect of CTAB-SDS with low surface activity at low temperature, as seen from the fact that almost all oxidative products can be retrieved for different toluene derivatives and surfactants by mimicking the conditions of reaction. In the emulsifications of toluene derivatives at 90‡C, the time that turbid water layers of surfactant solutions take to become clear is the same as that of the catalytic effect on oxidation of toluene derivatives. Thus, it can be inferred that surfactants can improve the oxidation yields of toluene derivatives by increasing the contact between two reacting phases.     

An Efficient Selective Oxidation of Alcohols with Potassium Permanganate Adsorbed on Aluminum Silicate under Solvent-free Conditions and Shaking

A new procedure for the selective oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones with potassium permanganate supported on aluminum silicate at room temperature under solvent-free conditions and shaking is reported.     

Analysis on X-Ray Laser Generation with EM-Wave Wiggler

The possibility of realizing SASE Free Election Laser in x-ray waveband with EM-wave wiggler is studied in this paper. SASE effect including saturation length, saturation power and nonlinear process is explored through a 3-D simulation code. A utilization of seed light from laser plasma x-ray is also analyzed, which demonstrates the feature of shortening the interaction length for saturation. The results show that sizeable output power of x-ray laser would be generated with a middle energy electron beam.     

完全非相干白光一维光生伏打暗空间孤子

使用白炽灯作光源在LiNbO₃∶Fe晶体内实验观察到一维白光光生伏打暗空间孤 子. 由奇数 和偶数初始条件分别产生了灰孤子和灰孤子对，它们所感应的波导能导向白光和相干光. 用 相干光清楚地探测到它们内部的多模结构. 该实验证明了白光光生伏打暗空间孤子的存在， 并指出了用完全非相干的白光暗孤子控制和导向相干光的可能性. 关键词： 光生伏打效应 自陷 完全非相干孤子 波导     

Existence of the uniformly minimum risk equivariant estimators of parameters in a class of normal linear models

In this paper, we study the existence of the uniformly minimum risk equivariant (UMRE) estimators of parameters in a class of normal linear models, which include the normal variance components model, the growth curve model, the extended growth curve model, and the seemingly unrelated regression equations model, and so on. The necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of UMRE estimators of the estimable linear functions of regression coefficients, the covariance matrixV and (trV)^α, where α > 0 is known, in the models under an affine group of transformations for quadratic losses and matrix losses, respectively. Under the (extended) growth curve model and the seemingly unrelated regression equations model, the conclusions given in literature for estimating regression coefficients can be derived by applying the general results in this paper, and the sufficient conditions for non-existence of UMRE estimators ofV and tr(V) are expanded to be necessary and sufficient conditions. In addition, the necessary and sufficient conditions that there exist UMRE estimators of parameters in the variance components model are obtained for the first time.     

双掺(Tm3+,Tb3+)LiYF4激光器1.5 μm波长激光阈值分析

由速率方程推出了双掺（Tm^3 ,Tb^3 ）离子准四能级系统的激光阈值解析式，讨论了Tm^3 和Tb^3 离子之间的相互作用。分析了1.5μm波长附近的激光阈值和Tm^3 、Tb^3 离子的掺杂原子数分数及晶体长度的关系。结果表明，对于对应Tm^3 离子^3H4→^3F4跃迁的约1.5μm波长的激光，激活离子Tm^3 的掺杂原子数分数过大时，交叉弛豫作用将使系统阈值迅速增加。Tb^3 离子的加入，一方面能抽空激光下能级，起到降低阈值的作用；另一方面亦减少了激光上能级的寿命，使阈值升高。故Tb^3 离子有最佳掺杂原子数分数。对于Tm原子数分数为y=0.01的Tm:LiYF4晶体，Tb^3 离子的最佳掺杂原子数分数为0.002左右，同时表明，激光阈值与晶体长度有关。最佳晶体长度与Tm^3 、Tb^3 离子的掺杂原子数分数以及晶体的衍射损耗和吸收损耗有关。